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According to Bits.media, the Russian State Duma has passed a bill on first reading, imposing criminal penalties on illegal cryptocurrency exchange activities without registration and permission. Illegal exchange organizers face fines ranging from 100000 to 300000 rubles or penalties of one to two years' income. The court may sentence them to forced labor or up to four years in prison, with an additional fine of up to 80000 rubles. Organized groups that carry out or generate income exceeding 3.5 million rubles can be sentenced to up to five years in prison and a fine of 1 million rubles. The bill stipulates that the punishment will take effect on July 1, 2027.